-
1 unidad
f.1 unity.la fundación fracasó por falta de unidad the foundation failed for lack of unitynecesitamos unidad de acción we need unity of action, we need to act as one2 unit (elemento, medida).un euro la unidad one euro eachquiero comprar seis unidades I'd like to buy sixunidad de medida unit of measurement3 unit.unidad de cuidados intensivos intensive care (unit)unidad de vigilancia intensiva intensive care (unit)4 drive, computer drive.* * *1 unit3 (cohesión) unity\unidad de cuidados intensivos intensive care unitunidad de vigilancia intensiva intensive care unitunidad móvil outside broadcasting unit* * *noun f.1) unit2) unity* * *SF1) (=cohesión) unityunidad de acción — (Literat) unity of action; [de partido, movimiento] unity
unidad de lugar — (Literat) unity of place
unidad de tiempo — (Literat) unity of time
2) (Com, Mat) unit-¿cuánto es? -un euro la unidad — "how much is it?" - "one euro each"
3) (Med) (=pabellón, sala) unitunidad de terapia intensiva Arg, Méx —
4) (Radio, TV)5) (Inform)6) (Ferro) (=vagón) coach, wagon, freight car (EEUU)7) (Aer) (=avión) aircraft8) (Mil) unit* * *1)a) (Com, Mat) unitprecio por unidad: 20 euros — 20 euros each
b) ( de ejército) unit; ( de flota) vessel; (Aviac) aircraft; ( de tren) carriagec) ( de magnitud) unitd) (en libro, texto) unit2) (unión, armonía) unity* * *= unit, unity, item, denomination, pod, stock item.Ex. Therefore, during the concluding phase of the revision project, the representatives of ALA units and other organizations will function as a single group.Ex. The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.Ex. Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the ↑ (Up), ↓ (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.Ex. Electric money will come in cent or less denominations to make high-volume, small-value transactions on the Internet practical.Ex. There are 3 ' pods' designed to separate areas from the main library for children's activities, the African and Caribbean literature centres and for meeting rooms.Ex. A new building will open in 1990, catering for 5 million stock items and 1,000 readers' seats.----* como unidad global = as a whole.* coste de la unidad = unit cost.* por unidad = per unit.* precio por unidad = unit price.* Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.* unidad asociada = associate unit.* unidad bibliográfica = bibliographic unit, bibliographical unit.* unidad de análisis = unit of study.* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* unidad de catalogación = cataloguing unit.* unidad de cinta = tape deck.* unidad de cuidados intensivos = intensive care unit.* unidad de datos = unit of data.* unidad de disco = disc drive [disk drive], record deck.* unidad de estudio = unit of study, study unit.* unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.* unidad de potencia = unit of power.* unidad didáctica = teaching unit, unit of study, study unit.* unidad documental = document unit, record unit.* unidad entera = unit.* unidad física = item.* unidad monetaria = currency unit.* unidad móvil = mobile unit.* unidad operativa = operational unit.* unidad operativa, unidad de operaciones = operational unit.* unidad simple = singleton.* * *1)a) (Com, Mat) unitprecio por unidad: 20 euros — 20 euros each
b) ( de ejército) unit; ( de flota) vessel; (Aviac) aircraft; ( de tren) carriagec) ( de magnitud) unitd) (en libro, texto) unit2) (unión, armonía) unity* * *= unit, unity, item, denomination, pod, stock item.Ex: Therefore, during the concluding phase of the revision project, the representatives of ALA units and other organizations will function as a single group.
Ex: The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.Ex: Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the &\#8593; (Up), &\#8595; (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.Ex: Electric money will come in cent or less denominations to make high-volume, small-value transactions on the Internet practical.Ex: There are 3 ' pods' designed to separate areas from the main library for children's activities, the African and Caribbean literature centres and for meeting rooms.Ex: A new building will open in 1990, catering for 5 million stock items and 1,000 readers' seats.* como unidad global = as a whole.* coste de la unidad = unit cost.* por unidad = per unit.* precio por unidad = unit price.* Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.* unidad asociada = associate unit.* unidad bibliográfica = bibliographic unit, bibliographical unit.* unidad de análisis = unit of study.* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* unidad de catalogación = cataloguing unit.* unidad de cinta = tape deck.* unidad de cuidados intensivos = intensive care unit.* unidad de datos = unit of data.* unidad de disco = disc drive [disk drive], record deck.* unidad de estudio = unit of study, study unit.* unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.* unidad de potencia = unit of power.* unidad didáctica = teaching unit, unit of study, study unit.* unidad documental = document unit, record unit.* unidad entera = unit.* unidad física = item.* unidad monetaria = currency unit.* unidad móvil = mobile unit.* unidad operativa = operational unit.* unidad operativa, unidad de operaciones = operational unit.* unidad simple = singleton.* * *Aunidades, decenas y centenas units, tens and hundredsprecio por unidad: 2 euros two euros each2 (de un ejército) unit; (de una flota) ( Náut) vessel; ( Aviac) aircraft; (de un tren) car ( AmE), carriage ( BrE)diversas unidades de transporte público fueron destruidas en el incendio a number of buses ( o trains etc) were destroyed in the fire[ S ] tomamos su unidad en pago ( RPl); present vehicle taken in part exchangeel tren estaba compuesto por ocho unidades the train was made up of eight cars ( AmE) o carriages ( BrE) o coaches ( BrE)3 (de una magnitud) unitunidad métrica metric unitunidad de peso/tiempo unit of weight/time4 (en un libro, texto) unitPrimera Unidad Unit OneCompuestos:central processing unitCD-ROM drivetape streamercombat unitintensive care unitdisk drive( Inf) optical disk drivezip drive( Chi) index-linked unit of currency ( used for loans etc)(Arg, Méx) intensive care unit( Chi) intensive care unitintensive care unitmonetary unitoutside broadcasting unit(Ur) index-linked unit of currency ( used for loans etc)(Arg, Col) sealed unitB1 (unión, armonía) unitysu objetivo es preservar la unidad nacional his aim is to preserve national unityla unidad de estilo de la plaza the overall style of the square2 ( Lit):las tres unidades the three unitiesunidad de acción/lugar/tiempo unity of action/place/time* * *
unidad sustantivo femenino
1 (Com, Mat) unit;
unidad de peso unit of weight;
unidad de cuidados intensivos or (Esp) de vigilancia or (Arg, Méx) terapia intensiva or (Chi) de tratamiento intensivo intensive care unit
2 (unión, armonía) unity
3 (Inf):◊ unidad de disco (Inf) disk drive
unidad sustantivo femenino
1 Mat unit
2 (cohesión, unión) unity
3 Educ Fís unit
4 (sección, departamento) unit
' unidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
kilo
- legua
- medida
- metro
- micra
- OUA
- sección
- segunda
- segundo
- sol
- sucre
- UCI
- unitaria
- unitario
- UVI
- cruceiro
- ecu
- franco
- país
- pieza
- potenciar
- punto
English:
at
- average out at
- B.T.U.
- CPU
- European Monetary Unit
- intensive care (unit)
- measure
- monetary
- peripheral
- togetherness
- unit
- unity
- VDU
- credit
- disk
- European
- hundred
- main
- stone
* * *unidad nf1. [cohesión, acuerdo] unity;la fundación fracasó por falta de unidad the foundation failed for lack of unity;necesitamos unidad de acción we need unity of action, we need to act as one;no había unidad de criterio sobre el tema there was no consensus of opinion on the topic2. [elemento] unit;25 pesos la unidad 25 pesos each;quiero comprar seis unidades I'd like to buy sixla unidad familiar the family unit3. [sección] unit;el jefe de la unidad de cirugía the head of the surgery unitInformát unidad aritmético-lógica arithmetic logic unit; Informát unidad de CD-ROM CD-ROM drive; Informát unidad central de proceso central processing unit; Informát unidad de coma flotante floating point unit; Informát unidad de control control unit;unidad de cuidados intensivos intensive care unit;unidad didáctica teaching unit;Informát unidad de disco disk drive; Informát unidad de DVD DVD drive; Informát unidad de entrada-salida input/output device;unidad móvil mobile unit;CSur unidad de tratamiento intensivo intensive care unit;unidad de vigilancia intensiva intensive care unit4. [medida] unitunidad de longitud unit of length;unidad de medida measurement unit, unit of measure;unidad monetaria monetary unit;unidad de tiempo unit of time6. Mil unitunidad de combate combat unit7. Am [vehículo] vehicle;cinco unidades resultaron dañadas durante los disturbios five vehicles were damaged during the disturbances* * *f1 unit;2 ( cohesión) unity* * *unidad nf1) : unity2) : unit* * *unidad n1. (medida) unit2. (unión) unity -
2 bloc
bloc [blɔk]masculine nouna. [de pierre, marbre, bois] blockb. [de papier] padf. ( = prison) (inf!) mettre qn au bloc to clap sb in jailg. (locutions)► à bloc• serrer or visser qch à bloc to screw sth up as tight as possible• fermer un robinet à bloc to turn a tap right off► en bloc [acheter, vendre] as a whole ; [refuser, nier] point-blank* * *blɔk
1.
nom masculin1) ( masse solide) block (de of)se retourner tout d'un bloc — to pivot round GB ou around US
2) ( de personnes) group (de of); Politique blocfaire bloc contre quelqu'un — ( s'unir) to unite against somebody; ( être unis) to be united against somebody
3) ( pour écrire) notepad4) (d'actions, de titres) block5) Informatique block
2.
à bloc locution adverbiale [serrer, visser, fermer] tightly; [charger, gonfler] fully
3.
en bloc locution adverbiale ( entièrement) outrightPhrasal Verbs:* * *blɔk nm1) [pierre] block2) [données] INFORMATIQUE block3) (de papier à lettres) pad4) (= ensemble) group, blocken bloc [rejeter, nier, condamner] — out of hand, outright, [adopter] wholesale
5) (bloc opératoire) operating block, theatre block Grande-Bretagnepasser au bloc (= se faire opérer) — to go under the knife
à bloc; serré à bloc — tightened right down
gonflé à bloc (pneus) — fully inflated, fig (= plein de confiance) pumped-up, full of confidence
* * *A nm1 ( masse solide) block (de of); statue faite d'un seul bloc ( en bois) statue made from a single piece of wood; ( en marbre) statue made from a single piece of marble; se retourner tout d'un bloc to pivot round GB ou around US;2 ( de personnes) group (de of); Pol bloc; le bloc socialiste the socialist bloc; faire bloc to side together; faire bloc avec qn to side with sb; faire bloc contre qn ( s'unir) to unite against sb; ( être unis) to be united against sb;3 ( pour écrire) notepad; bloc de papier à lettres writing pad;4 Fin (d'actions, de titres) block (de of);5 Ordinat block;6 ○( prison) nick○.C en bloc loc adv1 ( entièrement) admettre/rejeter/nier qch en bloc to admit/reject/deny sth outright;2 Comm acheter en bloc to buy in bulk.bloc de contrôle controllingGB block; bloc de départ starting block; bloc monétaire monetary block; bloc opératoire surgical unit; bloc optique Aut headlamp GB ou headlight unit; bloc sanitaire toilet block; bloc de touches Ordinat keypool.[blɔk] nom masculina. [en un seul morceau] to be made of a single blockb. [trapu] to be stockily builtc. [direct] to be simple and straightforwardd. [inflexible] to be unyielding2. [de papier] padbloc de bureau/papier desk/writing pad3. INFORMATIQUE4. [installation]a. [salle] operating theatreb. [locaux] surgical unit5. [maisons] block6. [ensemble] blocka. [sociétés] to form a groupingb. [amis, alliés] to stand togetherc. [composants] to form a single wholefaire bloc avec/contre quelqu'un to stand (together) with/against somebodyle bloc des pays de l'Ouest ou occidental the Western Alliance7. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCE————————à bloc locution adverbialene le provoque pas, il est remonté à bloc! leave him alone, he's already wound up!————————en bloc locution adverbialej'ai tout rejeté en bloc I rejected it lock, stock and barrel, I rejected the whole thing -
3 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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4 paleta
f.1 small shovel, small spade (pala pequeña).2 lollipop. (Andean Spanish (Bolivia, Chilean Spanish, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), Central American Spanish, Mexican Spanish)3 trowel, mason's trowel.4 shoulder.5 palette, painter's palette, palette board.6 spatula.7 Popsicle, lolly, ice lolly.8 paddle, paddle of a waterwheel, blade of wheel.9 vane, blade of a turbine, blade, vane of a turbine.10 pallet.* * *1 (de pintor) palette2 (de albañil) trowel3 (de cocina) slice4 (de hélice etc) blade6 DEPORTE bat7 (pala) small shovel* * *1. SF1) [para cavar] small shovel, small spade; [de albañil] trowel; (Culin) [con ranuras] fish slice; (=plana) spatula; [para el fuego] fire shovel2) (Arte) palette3) (Téc) [de turbina] blade; [de noria] paddle, bucket; (=plataforma) pallet4) (Anat) shoulder blade5) LAm (=polo) ice lolly, popsicle (EEUU)6) LAm (=pala) wooden paddle for beating clothes7) LAm (Culin) topside of beef2.SM * (=albañil) building worker, brickie *paleto* * *1)a) ( de pintor) paletteb) ( de cocina) spatulac) ( de albañil) troweld) (Dep) ( de ping-pong) paddle, bat (BrE)2) (fam) ( diente) front tooth3) (Coc) shoulder; (Anat, Zool) (Andes) shoulder blade4) (Tec) ( de noria) paddle, blade; ( de ventilador) vane, blade5) (AmL) (Jueg) beach tennis6)a) (Andes, Méx) ( helado) Popsicle® (AmE), ice lolly (BrE)b) (Méx) ( dulce) lollipop* * *1)a) ( de pintor) paletteb) ( de cocina) spatulac) ( de albañil) troweld) (Dep) ( de ping-pong) paddle, bat (BrE)2) (fam) ( diente) front tooth3) (Coc) shoulder; (Anat, Zool) (Andes) shoulder blade4) (Tec) ( de noria) paddle, blade; ( de ventilador) vane, blade5) (AmL) (Jueg) beach tennis6)a) (Andes, Méx) ( helado) Popsicle® (AmE), ice lolly (BrE)b) (Méx) ( dulce) lollipop* * *paleta11 = paddle, pallet, pallet, trowel, bat.Ex: The stuff was diluted there with water to the appearance and consistency of liquid porridge; it was kept tepid with a small charcoal furnace let into the side of the vat, and it was stirred up occasionally with a paddle.
Ex: The production machinery is interlinked by automatic handling devices (such as robots), automatic transfer systems (such as guided pallets) and communication lines.Ex: The most usual tools (which were generally made of brass, set in wooden handles like chisels) were simple design units such as lines set on curved rockers ( pallets).Ex: Because the shoulder blade resembles the blade of a trowel, the word 'scapula' is thought to have come from the Greek "skaptein" meaning 'to dig'.Ex: Sometimes no matter what your self motivation is, or how hard you try it seems life is beating you with a bat.* barco de vapor con paletas = paddle-steamer.* paleta de colores = palette, palette of colours.* paleta de cricket = cricket bat.paleta22 = front tooth.Ex: Your canine teeth are the pointy ones next to your front teeth.
* * *A1 (de pintor) palette2 (de cocina) spatula3 (de albañil) trowel5 ( RPl) (matamoscas) fly swatC ( Coc) shoulderF (Col, CS) (omóplato) shoulder bladeG* * *
paleta sustantivo femenino
1
( de cocina) spatula;
( de ventilador) blade;
( de albañil) trowel
(Jueg) (AmL) beach tennis
2 (fam) ( diente) front tooth
3 (Coc) shoulder;
(Anat, Zool) (Andes) shoulder blade
4
paleto,-a
I adj fam pey (comentario) uncouth, ignorant
(comportamiento) unsophisticated
(gusto) tasteless
II m,f fam pey peasant, country bumpkin
paleta sustantivo femenino
1 (de albañilería) trowel
2 (de artista) palette: es un pintor con una paleta muy colorista, he's a painter who uses a lot of bright colours
3 Dep (de pimpón) bat
' paleta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
espátula
- matamoscas
English:
palette
- bat
- blade
- ice
- lollipop
- lolly
- Popsicle
- trowel
* * *paleta1 nf1. [pala pequeña] small shovel, small spade;[de albañil] trowel2. [en máquina] blade, vane3. [de pintor] palette;la paleta clara de los impresionistas the light palette of the impressionists4. [de frontón, ping-pong] bat, US paddle;jugar a las paletas [en la playa] to play beach tennis5. [para servir] fish slice6. [de remo, hélice] blade7. [diente] (upper) front tooth8. Informát palettepaleta flotante floating palette;paleta de herramientas tool palette9. Andes, CAm, Méx [pirulí] lollipop;Bol, Col, Perú [polo] Br ice lolly, US Popsicle® CSur, Ven [de vaca] shoulder♦ adjChile helpful♦ nmf* * *f1 PINT palette2 TÉC trowelice lollyfamI adj hick atr fam, provincialyokel fam* * *paleta nf1) : palette2) : trowel3) : spatula4) : blade, vane5) : paddle6) CA, Mex : lollipop, Popsicle* * *paleta n1. (de pintor) palette2. (de tenis de mesa) bat3. (de albañil) trowel
См. также в других словарях:
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